flstandardbreds Chapter 157 Genghis Khan
Chapter 157 Genghis Khan
[A man feared by all of Asia and Europe in history, understand the life of Genghis Khan in one breath. A little historical knowledge about Genghis Khan]
He was a man who dominated world history for a century. The empire he established conquered more than 50 countries and 30 ethnic groups with an army of 40 more than 720 years ago. He destroyed a total of more than 22 million troops from various countries, conquered a population of million, and its territory accounted for % of the world's total land area.
But in the end, it was rumored that he died because of a woman, and the cause of his death remains a mystery. In this video, let us follow the chronological order and understand the legendary life of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
At the beginning of the 13th century, the southern part of China was under the control of the Song Dynasty, while the northern part was occupied by the Jin Dynasty. To the west of the Jin Dynasty, there was another kingdom, the Western Xia. The Song Dynasty, the Western Xia Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty thus maintained a fragile balance.
There were many nomadic peoples living in Mongolia at that time, mainly the five major tribes of Naiman, Kerey, Merkit, Tatar and Mongol. Genghis Khan's father Yesugei was the leader of the Mongol tribe.
In 1161, Yesugei followed the tradition of robbing a bride and wiped out the Tatar tribe and married Hoelun, the Tatar’s wife. The next year, she gave birth to Genghis Khan.
Because Yesugei raised Temujin, the leader of the Tatar tribe, during the war, to celebrate his victory, he named his eldest son Genghis Khan Temujin after his enemy.
When Temujin was 9 years old, his father took him to a friend's house for a blind date. Temujin, who was inexperienced in life, fell in love with the friend's daughter at first sight, so his father left him alone at the friend's house.
But what happened next changed Temujin's fate drastically. On his way home, Yesugei ran into the Tatar tribe who were holding a banquet.
According to the rules of the grassland tribe, the Tatars invited Yesugei to join the banquet. But unexpectedly, Yesugei was poisoned and died three days after returning home.
Without his father's protection, what would be the fate of the 9-year-old Temujin? After his father's death, the power of the Mongolian tribe weakened rapidly, and they defected to another tribe in Mongolia - the Taichiwu tribe.
Temujin and his mother were driven out of the tribe and lived a hard life. Temujin was even captured by the Taichiwu tribe for a time, but was fortunately rescued by a kind-hearted person and finally reunited with his mother.
The 16-year-old Temujin finally realized that in order to survive, he had to eliminate the oppression of the Taichiwu tribe and seek protection from a more powerful force. So he turned to his father's sworn brother, Wang Khan, the leader of the Kerey tribe, claiming him as his father and marrying his childhood fiancée.
With the help of Wang Khan's clan, Temujin quickly gathered his people and rebuilt his tribe.
However, just when things were turning for the better, Temujin was attacked again. When he was 19 years old, Temujin's enemies, the Merkits, attacked his tribe and captured his wife and family. Temujin fled alone, and later rescued his family with the help of Wang Khan.
When he returned to the camp, his wife was already pregnant. The child was the future eldest son of Temujin, Jochi. Although Temujin believed that the child was his own, when he died, Jochi did not become the heir because he might be an illegitimate child.
When Temujin was 28 years old, as his power continued to grow, the original Mongolian tribesmen and some other tribes came to submit to him and reunited to form a new Mongolian tribal aristocratic alliance.
Temujin was elected as the leader. After 15 years of hard fighting, Temujin defeated several other tribes one by one and became the most powerful ruler on the Mongolian Plateau. He was elected as the new national leader at the Onon River Conference and was called Genghis Khan, which means the Khan who owns the four seas. He also named his country the Great Mongol Empire after his tribe.
After unifying Mongolia, Genghis Khan reformed the army, implemented the Wanhu system that integrated military and political power, expanded the central army guard, established a guard army belonging to the Khan, and promulgated the world's first and most widely used written code of law - the Great Yasa.
When everything was ripe, continuing the plundering war against neighboring countries became his goal.
In 1205 AD, the 44-year-old Genghis Khan launched a large-scale war of conquest, targeting the Western Xia and Jin Dynasties, adopting the strategy of attacking the weak first and then the strong.
First, he launched an attack on the poor and strategically important Western Xia. In just four years, Genghis Khan launched military operations against Western Xia three times, eventually forcing Western Xia to offer a daughter to seek peace and pay tribute.
After conquering Western Xia, the 50-year-old Genghis Khan personally led his army to attack Yehuling under the pretext of revenge for his ancestors, and defeated the 30-strong Jin army, creating the myth that the Mongolian cavalry was invincible.
However, the Mongols were not good at siege warfare and failed to capture the capital of the Jin Dynasty. The next year, the Mongols came to the Central Plains again to plunder, but withdrew because Genghis Khan was injured by his heavy sword.
Just when the Mongolian army was frustrated in its attack, a coup d'état took place in the Jin Dynasty palace, and the court fell into chaos for a while. Genghis Khan sent troops again and eventually forced the Jin Dynasty to move its capital to Kaifeng.
After three years of seesaw battle, Genghis Khan finally became the master of northeast China at the age of 54. The territory of the Jin Dynasty was divided into two halves, shrinking by 1/3.
A year later, Genghis Khan swept across the entire Northeast and sent an army to the end of the Liaodong Peninsula and reached the Bohai Sea, while another army crossed the Yalu River and entered Goryeo.
The arrogant Mongolian envoys also demanded a large amount of tribute from the Goryeo court. Just when Genghis Khan was preparing to completely destroy the Jin Dynasty, the enemies who had fled to Western Liao on the Mongolian Plateau took advantage of the old and weak emperor of Western Liao to control Western Liao, and summoned old subordinates in the name of enriching the country to rapidly develop and expand.
In order to solve his worries, the 57-year-old Genghis Khan sent his general Jebe to lead his army to defeat the Liao Dynasty in one fell swoop, and the Western Liao Dynasty was completely annexed by Mongolia. But it was also because of this battle that he accidentally came into contact with an empire spanning today's Beks-Uzbekistan and Manstan-Turkish-Khwarazm. What happened next would indirectly lead to the birth of a Huazhou Empire.
The Khwarezmian Empire controlled the major commercial centers on the Silk Road, so Genghis Khan sent envoys to establish trade relations with it. Unexpectedly, the entire delegation was brutally murdered.
In 1219, the 58-year-old Genghis Khan led an army of 20 to attack Khwarezm. This was the first time that nomadic people fought so far away from their homeland. However, in this battle, the Western Xia refused to send reinforcements, which laid the groundwork for the future demise of the Western Xia.
Genghis Khan divided his troops into four groups: Jebe and Subutai led their troops down the Syr Darya River and captured the important cities of Khwarezm; Chagatai and Ogedei led their troops to besiege Otrar; Jochi led his troops to capture the upper reaches of the Syr Darya; Genghis Khan took his youngest son Tolui and led the central army to attack Transoxiana.
The battle lasted for six years, and it was not until Genghis Khan was 6 years old that he completely conquered Khwarezm and handed the territory over to his eldest son Jochi to guard.
It is worth mentioning that during these six years, Genghis Khan's generals Subutai and Jebe discovered and captured many cities in central and western Persia while pursuing the remnants of the Khwarezmian army. They then penetrated into southern Russia and annihilated the Russian coalition forces, returning to Mongolia from the north of the Caspian Sea via the Volga River.
This expedition allowed the Mongolian army to reach as far as the Crimean Peninsula and was also Genghis Khan’s first westward expedition.
After six years of expedition to the west, the first thing Genghis Khan did when he returned to Mobei was to teach the disobedient Xixia a lesson. In 6, the 1226-year-old Genghis Khan insisted on personally conquering Xixia.
He conquered all the territories in the south from the northern desert, and the Mongolian army had mastered the skills of siege warfare. After clearing all obstacles, Genghis Khan sent an army to besiege Yinchuan, the capital of Western Xia, and led his troops into the territory of the Jin Dynasty, in order to prevent the Jin army from coming to support Western Xia and to prepare for the conquest of the Jin Dynasty.
After a six-month siege, Xixia Emperor Li Yu expressed his intention to surrender. He asked Genghis Khan to give him a month to prepare tribute. The Mongolian army camped in Liupan Mountain to accept Xixia's formal surrender.
But just when Genghis Khan was about to establish a vast empire stretching from the Pacific Ocean in the east to Baghdad in the west, he fell ill with a cold and eventually died in Liupan Mountain.
Before his death, Genghis Khan asked not to announce his death to the public, and to wait until the Xixia residents left the city before completely conquering Xixia. When the Xixia emperor came to surrender, the Mongols secretly executed him. Yinchuan was eventually looted by the Mongolian army, and Xixia was officially incorporated into the territory of the Mongols.
Before Genghis Khan passed away, he divided all his territory among his sons according to Mongolian tradition. The youngest son, Tolui, inherited his father's old base and took control of the entire Mongolian region, laying the foundation for the future rise of his descendants.
The eldest son, Jochi, inherited the furthest territory beyond the Qianhai, but he died before inheriting the territory, so his property was further divided between Genghis Khan's other two sons.
The Central Asian region from Qianhai to western Tibet belonged to the second son, Chagatai, and the third son, Ogedei, inherited the throne of Genghis Khan according to the rules. The three sons exercised their own rights in their respective regions.
Ogedei not only inherited his father's throne, but also his strategic vision. The second generation of Genghis Khan's successors would continue to rewrite the pattern of world history.
——"Genghis Khan is really fierce."
——"A bag of training, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow and shoot the eagle."
——"Indeed, I have seen their territory at that time. They directly penetrated from east to west."
——"It is said that he was bitten to death by the Princess of Xixia. (Covering face)"
[The Mongol expedition to the west completely defeated the West, and I can understand the first general of the Western government, Ogedei, in one breath. Historical knowledge]
This was the most horrific westward expedition of the Mongols. The army occupied Skofjalm and many cities were burned down. The advanced weapons were unprecedented in Europe. With their high mobility and flexibility, Genghis Khan's descendants started a nightmare that lasted for a century in Europe and created the most academic casualty ratio in the era of cold weapons.
In this video, we will take a chronological look at the life of Mogotai, the second ruler of the Mongol Empire.
Guotai was the third son of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. He grew up with Genghis Khan in an environment of constant warfare. Genghis Khan and Tie, an orphan for a long time, had four sons in total.
Among his four disciples, the eldest son Jochi, the second son Subutai, the third son Ogedei and the fourth son Tolui, Genghis Khan loved the youngest son Tolui the most because of his outstanding military achievements. However, after the empire took shape, Genghis Khan restrained his love for Tolui and broke the old Mongolian tradition by appointing people according to their talents, and chose Ogedei as his successor.
After Genghis Khan's death, Huotai inherited the throne and became the second ruler of the Mongol Empire. He invaded the Korean Peninsula again and conquered the remaining territory of the Jin Dynasty in northern China.
In 1232, the 47-year-old Ogedei divided his troops into three groups, led by Subutai Bolei and himself, to launch an attack on the Jin Dynasty. According to Genghis Khan's dying wishes, the army bypassed the well-defended fortresses and directly besieged the Jin Dynasty's capital Kaifeng. This fierce siege lasted for a year.
The city of Kaifeng, which had a population of nearly one million, inflicted huge casualties with thunder bombs and solid city defenses. The siege eventually caused a food shortage in Kaifeng, leading to cannibalism, hunger, plague, and rebellion, which eventually forced the Jin Dynasty to surrender.
After Kaifeng was captured, Jin Aizong fled southwards, trying to fight again. The Mongolian army also began to ask for help from the Southern Song Dynasty because of food shortage. The Southern Song Dynasty thought this was a good opportunity to take revenge on the Jin Dynasty, so it joined forces with the Mongolian army to capture Runan City, and the Jin Dynasty was destroyed.
It is worth mentioning that not long after the siege began, Genghis Khan's youngest son, Tolui, died suddenly. With her wisdom and loyalty, his wife raised all of Tolui's four sons, among whom Kublai would eventually rule the world.
After conquering the Jin Dynasty, the 50-year-old Ogedei turned his attention to the current Mao Zedong and ordered a second westward expedition. He appointed the 50-year-old general Subutai as the commander-in-chief and led a team composed of princes and their sons to march to Europe. Genghis Khan's grandchildren will also become the backbone of the Mongol Empire, including Batu, the son of Jochi, and Guyuk, the son of Ogedei. Mongke, the son of Tolui, and Ulianghetai, the son of Subutai, will also participate in this westward expedition.
The century-long nightmare in Eastern Europe was about to begin. After conquering the Lyabuks, Myakli and Cumans in 1237, the Mongolian army crossed the Volga River and launched an attack on the Principality of Rus. In order to take the initiative, the Mongols opened a road in the dense forest that was wide enough for three vehicles to pass side by side, and attacked the enemy from an unprepared place.
Cities fell one after another like a domino effect. After two years of hard fighting, Kiev fell and the Russian princes fled to Moscow. It was from this time that Komos began to rise as Kiev fell and declined.
After the Principality of Rus ceded to Mongolia, the Mongols turned their attention to Central Europe. In that era without maps and navigation, the Mongols reached an agreement with the Venetians, who provided them with information about surrounding kingdoms.
In return, the Mongols would ensure that the Venetians would monopolize the trade in this area. Based on the information he had, Subutai formulated a plan that would have a devastating impact on the entire Europe.